Since its inception in 1956, AI research has been heavily influenced and motivated by human intelligence. In the 1990s, the term “intelligent” was first used to describe people who were “cognitive.” These skills were seen as examples of human intelligence. While progress has been made in what is now referred to as “classical AI” domains.
Social Intelligence in AI
In AI and robotics, social intelligence in robots is a relatively recent development. However, it has become clear that social and interactive abilities are required in a wide variety of application areas and contexts where robots must interact and collaborate with other robots or humans. Human–robot interaction (HRI) research raises numerous questions about the nature of interactivity and “social behavior” in robots and humans.
Robots and human intelligence
Sensorimotor skills that emphasise the embodied nature of human intelligence (such as walking, manipulating objects, and so on) are seen as more fundamental but also more biologically and developmentally plausible milestones that researchers are aiming for. This is work that Brooks and others have been doing since the 1980s, and it emphasises the close relationship between mind, body, and environment. In this “nouvelle AI” perspective, a robot is more than a “computer on wheels,” as it was previously considered in AI. A new AI robot is embodied, situated, surrounded by, and responsive to its environment.
Evolution of robots
A novel AI robot is not necessarily inspired by humans; insects, slugs, or salamanders can all serve as equally valuable behavioural or cognitive models, depending on the specific skills or behaviours under investigation. This paradigm shift in AI had a big impact on the type of robotics experiments that were done in the field of new AI, because it was thought that a balance between the complexity of the “body,” the “mind,” and the “environment” was important.
A typical 1990s nouvelle AI robot’s behavior set includes:
- Wander,
- Avoid-Obstacle, and
- Positive or Negative Phototaxis.
Experiments
These robotic test beds have been extensively used to investigate the development of machine learning techniques for robot controllers, in which the robot learns to avoid obstacles and ‘find’ a light source (which was frequently modelled as a ‘food source’). Other more biologically inspired scenarios include robots operating autonomously in a simulated ‘ecosystem,’ including charging their batteries, or experiments inspired by social insect swarm intelligence.
The intelligence demonstrated by these robots was clearly not human-like: behaviours such as wandering around in the environment and being able to respond to certain stimuli in the environment are exhibited by bacteria as well. Insects, while not as simple as biological complex systems, exhibit behaviour as individuals that is closer in magnitude to the limited range of behaviour that machines available in the 1990s could simulate, and thus became popular models for ‘behaviour-based AI,’ the branch of nouvelle AI devoted to developing behaviour control systems for robots.
Conclusion
Affective computing is a broad field of study that encompasses systems that recognise, interpret, process, or simulate human emotions, moods, and feelings. For instance, some virtual assistants are programmed to converse or even banter humorously; this makes them appear more receptive to the emotional dynamics of human interaction or to facilitate human–computer interaction in other ways. This, however, gives naive users an unrealistic view of how intelligent existing computer agents are. Moreover, emotional computing has had some mixed results. Textual sentiment analysis and multimodal sentiment analysis, which uses AI to classify the emotions, are two examples of these types of projects.
Source: indiaai.gov.in
